ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of knee osteoarthritis in adult patients with Diabetes mellitus and its association with body mass index [BMI] in kg/m[2] and waist circumference [WC]
Methods:This is a cross-sectional comparative study at a tertiary hospital based in an industrial area of Karachi. Patient population comprised of all adult diabetic subjects. Clinical and demographic data was obtained with detailed musculoskeletal examination on all patients. BMI and WC were measured as kg/m[2] and cm respectively. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 15
Results:A total of 413 subjects were recruited. Among them diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were 210 and 203 respectively. Mean age of diabetics was 50.7+-10.2 years as compared to non-diabetic subjects i.e. 49.5+-10.5 years. Proportion of male subjects was 72[34.3%] and 71[35.0] respectively in both groups. Mean duration of diabetes was 6.2 years. Frequency of knee osteoarthritis [OA] was found to be 52[24.8%] and 54[26.6%] in diabetic and non-diabetic respectively. Among the diabetic group 6 [18%] subjects with OA had normal BMI [18.5-22.9] whereas 4 [16%] were overweight [BMI 23-24.9] and 41[27.5%] were obese[BMI >/=25]. Near 98% [n=51] of the diabetic patients with OA had high waist circumference. Females [n= 42, 31.1%] were more frequent than males [n=9, 16%] in the diabetic subjects with OA and a higher WC
Conclusion:Both diabetic and non diabetic group did not show any difference in the frequency of knee OA. However, frequency of knee OA showed a significant difference between overweight and obese category of BMI.WC appears as a strong predictor of knee osteoarthritis
ABSTRACT
The percentage of overweight and obese person has increased markedly since several decays. Obesity is associated with increased risked factor for many diseases such as, diabetes, heart complications, arthritis and certain types of cancer. Feeding behavior is in controlled by a major interaction between central nervous system and many organs of the body. The role of serotonin [5-HT] in feeding behavior is well recognized. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of Anethum graveolens seeds aqueous extract [AGAE] on food intake, body weight and serotonin metabolism in over weight rats. Five weeks oral administration of AGAE shows significant decrease in body weight, food intake and significant increase in whole brain 5-HT, 5-HIAA and tryptophan level in brain and plasma of experimental animals. Increased level of 5-HT induced satiety and suppressed food intake and result is the reduction in body weight
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Seeds , Brain , Serotonin/pharmacology , Feeding Behavior , Body Weight , Serotonin/metabolism , Mice, Obese , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
Use of the herbal drugs increasing all over the world due to its minimum side effect. Nigella sativa black seeds used in folk medicine for the promotion of good health and for the treatment of many diseases
The present study is designed to investigate the neurochemical and behavioral effect of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa L. seeds in rats
Neurochemical studies were performed for DA and DOPAC levels in whole rats' brain
Locomotive behavior was observed in novel environment and familiar environment. Elevated plus maze and light dark behavioral modules were used to monitor anxiety in rats
The oral administration of AENS for six weeks increased time spent in open arm of elevated plus maze and light compartment in light dark box. Increased locomotors activity in novel environment [open field] was noticed suggesting that increased in DA level may be related to increased locomotive activity in rats
ABSTRACT
To determine the effectiveness of vaginal Misoprostol for the second trimester termination of pregnancy. Prospective randomized trial. This study was carried out in the Unit of Post Graduate Medical Institution Peshawar I aJv Reading Hospital Peshawar from 1[st] January till 31[st] December 2006. A total of 100 patients were included in this study. Misoprostol 400 microgram, was dministered intra-vaginally and repeated after every 4 hours up to a maximum of five doses or until the termination of pregnancy, which ever was earlier. The exclusion criteria were as allergy to prostaglandin, a previous classic caesarean section or Hysterectomy, active vaginal bleeding, severe asthma and epilepsy. Period of gestation ranged from 12 to 20 weeks, Indications for 2' trimester termination of pregnancy .ere chromosomal or structural fetal anomalies [anencephaly] whether dead or alive, missed abortion intrauterine fetal death. Success rate at 48 hours was 90%. The median induction to termination interval was 16 hours. Few Aomen suffered gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea [6%], vomiting [3%] and diarrhea [1%]. 400 Microgram of Vaginal Misoprostol is highly effective way of cervical ripening and termination of second trimester pregnancy
ABSTRACT
Glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] is a marker to identify the average plasma glucose level over past three months but it is also influenced by the iron deficiency status of an individual. Research is designed to assess the relationship between HbA1c concentration and iron status among diabetic and non diabetic subjects. Cross sectional comparative study. Tertiary Care Unit of Karachi, Pakistan. Period: Dec 2010 till June 2011. A total of 75 subjects of both sexes were taken and divided into three groups. Fasting and random glucose levels, serum iron and TIBC were performed by enzymatic method while HbA1c was estimated by fast iron resin separation method and Complete blood count [CBC] was done by Coulter. The data feeding and analysis was on computer package SPSS [Statistical Packages of Social Sciences] version 16.0. the results were given in the mean and Standard Deviation [SD] and correlation [r] for quantitative data i.e. age, FBS, RBS, HbA1c, Serum Iron, Hb HCT, and TIBC. Using Analysis of Variance [ANOVA] with tukey test for comparison [Controls, Iron deficiency anemia with and without diabetes mellitus]. In all statistical analysis only p < 0.01 will be considered significant. HbA1c is a non-specific marker of Diabetes mellitus in iron deficieny anemia patients. Thus it is reccomended that iron status of diabetic patients must be considered while interpreting results. This study showed significantly raised levels of Fasting blood glucose [FBS], random blood glucose [RBS] and HbA1c in diabetic anemic patients when compared to control and nondiabetic anemic subjects [p < 0.01] while total iron binding capacity [TIBC] and HbA1 c in nondiabetic anemic subjects were also significantly raised when compared to control [p < 0.01]. Hemoglobin [Hb], Hematocrit [HCT] and Serum Iron levels were significantly decreased in diabetic and nondiabetic anemic subjects when compared to control [p < 0.01]. Our study depicted that while diagnosing Diabetes meliitus in iron deficient patients one should be carefull as HbA1c is not a very reliable parameter to assess glycemic control in iron deficiency anemia patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Previously it has been shown that single episode of 2 hours restraint produced anxiety and other behavioral deficits in rats. In view of a role of neem leaves and also of 5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT] in anxiety the present study concerns effects of neem leaves extract on the synthesis of 5-HT in rat brain. Neem leaf extract [10 g/100 ml water] at a dose of 1 ml/kg was injected to rats for 6 day. Open field activity was monitored after 3 days administration on the 4th day. The animals were restrained for 2 hours on the 5th day and effects of restraint stress were determined on 24 hours food intake. Plus maze activity was monitored on the 6th day after which animals were killed to collect whole brains. Administration of neem leaves extract did not alter open field activity. Restraint stress induced decrease of food intake and plus maze activity was not observed in neem extract treated rats. 2 hours restraint stress did not produce any effect on brain typtophan levels but increased 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid [5-HIAA] concentration in saline but not in neem injected rats. Administration of neem leaves extract increased brain typtophan and decreased brain 5-HT concentration. The present study shows that neem extract could attenuate anxiogenic and appetite suppressant effect of stress by decreasing brain 5-HT and 5HIAA concentration